The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

DeePLT: Personalized Lighting Facilitates by Trajectory Prediction of Recognized Residents in the Smart Home

In recent years, the intelligence of various parts of the home has become one of the essential features of any modern home. One of these parts is the intelligence lighting system that personalizes the light for each person. This paper proposes an intelligent system based on machine learning that personalizes lighting in the instant future location of a recognized user, inferred by trajectory prediction. Our proposed system consists of the following modules: (I) human detection to detect and localize the person in each given video frame, (II) face recognition to identify the detected person, (III) human tracking to track the person in the sequence of video frames and (IV) trajectory prediction to forecast the future location of the user in the environment using Inverse Reinforcement Learning. The proposed method provides a unique profile for each person, including specifications, face images, and custom lighting settings. This profile is used in the lighting adjustment process. Unlike other methods that consider constant lighting for every person, our system can apply each 'person's desired lighting in terms of color and light intensity without direct user intervention. Therefore, the lighting is adjusted with higher speed and better efficiency. In addition, the predicted trajectory path makes the proposed system apply the desired lighting, creating more pleasant and comfortable conditions for the home residents. In the experimental results, the system applied the desired lighting in an average time of 1.4 seconds from the moment of entry, as well as a performance of 22.1mAp in human detection, 95.12% accuracy in face recognition, 93.3% MDP in human tracking, and 10.80 MinADE20, 18.55 MinFDE20, 15.8 MinADE5 and 30.50 MinFDE5 in trajectory prediction

Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Related Precursors as Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Degenerative Diseases: Rationale, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Outcomes

Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as an essential cofactor and substrate for a number of critical cellular processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, DNA repair, epigenetically modulated gene expression, intracellular calcium signaling, and immunological functions. NAD+ depletion may occur in response to either excessive DNA damage due to free radical or ultraviolet attack, resulting in significant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and a high turnover and subsequent depletion of NAD+, and/or chronic immune activation and inflammatory cytokine production resulting in accelerated CD38 activity and decline in NAD+ levels. Recent studies have shown that enhancing NAD+ levels can profoundly reduce oxidative cell damage in catabolic tissue, including the brain. Therefore, promotion of intracellular NAD+ anabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general, and is essential to the effective realization of multiple benefits of healthy sirtuin activity. The kynurenine pathway represents the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway in mammalian cells. NAD+ can also be produced by the NAD+ salvage pathway. Recent Advances: In this review, we describe and discuss recent insights regarding the efficacy and benefits of the NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in attenuating NAD+ decline in degenerative disease states and physiological aging. Critical Issues: Results obtained in recent years have shown that NAD+ precursors can play important protective roles in several diseases. However, in some cases, these precursors may vary in their ability to enhance NAD+ synthesis via their location in the NAD+ anabolic pathway. Increased synthesis of NAD+ promotes protective cell responses, further demonstrating that NAD+ is a regulatory molecule associated with several biochemical pathways. Future Directions: In the next few years, the refinement of personalized therapy for the use of NAD+ precursors and improved detection methodologies allowing the administration of specific NAD+ precursors in the context of patients\u27 NAD+ levels will lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic role of NAD+ precursors in human diseases

Brain Cell Viability and the Cellular Adaptive Response

Hormesis or the adaptive stress response is a biphasic dose response to a factor which has a beneficial effect on cells or an organism at low doses while having a toxic effect at higher doses. This study evaluated the dose- response relationship of several common dietary and/or endogenous compounds (resveratrol, alcohol, nicotinamide, and NAD+) on an astrocyte cell line in vitro and its proteomic and metabolomic signatures. Several experimental strategies were used to evaluate the effects of one or more of these compounds on biological systems: initially a meta-analysis approach was taken to evaluating the effects of oral resveratrol on cognition in humans and animal models, (2) using an astrocyte cell line (U251), cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of alcohol, resveratrol, nicotinamide, and NAD+. Cell viability and toxicity were evaluated by specific assays, including trypan blue dye uptake, LDH and MTT assays, to determine whether hormetic and/or toxic effects would be observed, (3) multigenerational analysis of the effects of ethanol were evaluated over four generations of preconditioned astrocytes and (4) proteomic and NAD pathway metabolomic profiling were performed (LC-MS/MS) to determine mechanisms which might affect cell viability across the dose response curves. Meta-analysis of resveratrol in human clinical trials showed no significant effects on cognition or mood, while animal studies report a diversity of positive effects, likely due to a large difference in the dose level used, which was much higher (per kg body weight) in animal models than in humans. Never-the-less at the dose levels tested, the effects of resveratrol on cognition in humans appears to be modest at best. In cell culture, two compounds showed clear biphasic dose-response curves (ethanol, nicotinamide), with increased viability in the low dose range and decreased viability in the high dose range. Resveratrol had a biphasic response which was flat in the hormetic range with a downturn of viability at higher doses, while cell viability was similar at all NAD+ doses tested. Multigenerational effects of ethanol over four consecutive generations of preconditioned astrocytes showed a small but significant improvement of cell viability in the 3rd and 4th generations of cells. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses revealed a diversity of cellular and molecular pathways in response to all four compounds, with the greatest change observed for ethanol and least change observed in response to NAD+. DNA repair and cellular response to stress were amongst those pathways upregulated in cells exposed to hormetic levels of ethanol. Both the proteomic profiles and the energy metabolites of the NAD pathways showed expression patterns specific to each of the four compounds

Studying effect of accelerated aging on adhesion resistance of half polyester and polyurethane transparent coatings applied on maple and pine species

In this study, effect of accelerated aging on adhesion strength of half-polyester and polyurethane transparent coatings were evaluated in maple and pine species. For this purpose, dried specimens with 12×110×550 millimeters were used. Sealer as substrate, and half-polyester and binary polyurethane as coatings were applied on wood. Coatings were implemented thereby film applicator and gun methods, and accelerated aging test of wood specimens was carried out according to ASTM D1037. Results indicated that maximum value of adhesion strength is belong to binary polyurethane in maple applied by film applicator and minimum for half-polyester in pine applied by gun method, in opposite. Due to thin film, velocity variations in gun method by painter person, and consequent rapid evaporation of thinner, adhesion decreased in comparison with film applicator method. Also it's found that accelerated aging diminished adhesion strength of coatings in both maple and pine species. It can be concluded during the accelerated aging test, the steam causes moisture absorption and swelling of the fibers near the surface and thus reduce the resistance of the coating adhesion.Long-term effect of humidity and aging makes Ecowool quickly lose their stickiness.And the effect of floating in the water samples, lignin degradation products in the process of steaming and freezing and heating washed by water And cause the loosening of the cellulosic fibers in the wood, resulting in wood adhesive strength is significantly reduced due to the accelerated aging test

An Investigation into the Effect of Moisture Content on Adhesion strength of Half-polyester and Polyurethane Clear Paints Applied to Wood Surface

The present study was conducted to inverstigate the effect of moisture content on adhesion strength of sealer half-polyester and sealer polyurethane on beech (Fagus orientalis) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood types of northern regions of Iran. PH values of beech and hornbeam was 5.51 and 5.19, respectively. Dried specimens were put in a climatization room to reach moisture contents of 7%, 11% and 15%. After the preparation stage, two layers of sealer were placed on the specimens using a spray. Next, polyurethane and half-polyester were applied to the specimens. The pull-off test was performed on the specimens according to the ASTM D 4541 Standard. The results showed that the most adhesion strength was that of the sealer polyurethane used on the beech wood type with the moisture content of 7 percent and the least adhesion strength belonged to the sealer half-polyester used on the hornbeam wood type with the moisture content of 15 percent. It was also observed that increasing moisture content caused a decrease in adhesion strength of both wood types

Investigation relationship between %VO2MAX versus %HRMAX in children with cerebral palsy

AbstractCertain studies demonstrated that some factors particularly kinds of disease are influenced the relationship between exercise intensity indexes. %HRmax and %VO2max are two indexes of exercise intensity on exercise- rehabilitation in some diseases. Recently, the some research showed that relationship between %HRmax and %VO2max described by ACSM is not applicable to the some patients or no handicapped people. Objective: This study performed with aim to determine relationship between %HRmax and %VO2max in leg exercise in 20 adolescent with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy(12±2 year of age). METHOD: Twenty children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy participated in this study by voluntarily and the consent of their parents as well as specialist physician. HR and VO2 responses to McMaster ergometery protocol monitored continuously at rest, end of each stage and the end of protocol. These parameters were then used for calculation %HRmax and %VO2max in subjects. The correlation between these indexes determined via statically SPSS. Regression analyses were conducted to determine correlation between these indexes. RESULTS: The statically data indicated that percentage of heart rate max is not equivalent with percentage of VO2max. In the other words, at each stage of protocol the values of %HRmax was very upper than %VO2max in comparison with those used by the ACSM. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that the relationship between %HRmax and %VO2max in these patients is not equal to guideline of ACSM. In addition; in each disease depend on influence in physical and cardio respiratory fitness affect the relationship between exercise intensity indexes. Therefore, the %HRmax versus %VO2max relationship should be determined directly in each patient